Origin of Petroleum: Petroleum, also known as “crude oil” or “liquid gold”, is drilled from the ground. It is one of the fossil fuels which is formed from the remains of ancient animals. Fossil fuels: The advantages of petroleum over other fossil fuels are: 1. Liquid state, which is easier to handle and easy …
Covid-19 is ruling millions of lives, besides crippled our daily lives. The talks about vaccination are already in play. The introduction of the covid vaccine in India started along with its debate in safety aspects. Thus, the Government is continuing the vaccination in volunteering and not mandatory because of a different environment, variation in populations, …
Covishield vs Covaxin – Vaccine immunology fundamentals [Final part] Read More »
This part signifies factors that affect vaccine production and how a vaccine works. We have already seen the basics of the immune system in part 1. Innate and adaptive immunity plays a significant role in host defence. There are majorly five types of vaccines that occur (Attenuated, Inactive, Subunit, DNA, Recombinant); Also, we’ve seen the …
Factors affecting Vaccine production – Vaccine immunology fundamentals [Part-4] Read More »
Our immune system is highly complex. To cause infections, many modes of entry and mechanisms are carried out by various pathogens. Types of microorganisms are viruses, bacteria, protozoans, archaea, protozoa, algae, and fungi. First of all, what is a microorganism?- It is a micro-scaled organism that is in the form of unicellular and multicellular. Most …
Modes of infection- Vaccine immunology fundamentals [Part-3] Read More »
Our World is full of single cells to multicellular organisms. These things need survival factors, that is, food. Some groups make their food (Autotrophs), some depend on others (Heterotrophs), and a few make it difficult for others to pick up foods (Parasites). In this twentieth century, all of us face a challenge caused by the …
Mucormycosis- A black fungal infection linked to Covid-19 Read More »
All we know is that Mitochondria is a powerhouse of the cell because of their energy production – ATPs. Tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), known for its energy production using acetyl-CoA (3C compound). This cycle plays a significant role in metabolism and biosynthesis, and it occurs in mitochondria. The other one is the electron transport chain …
How does mitochondrial DNA inherited from the mother? Read More »
We all know “All enzymes are proteins, but not all proteins are enzymes”. Proteins in our body have many significant functions. Apart from the importance of functional proteins called enzymes, it is secondarily used as fuel after carbohydrates and lipids. Note that the proteins are used after the depletion of glucose and fatty acids. Protein …
Amino acids are the building block of protein, the same as the brick needed for a house. The different combinations of amino acids produce different classes of proteins like hormones, enzymes, growth factors, transporters, antibodies, antibiotics, mushroom poison, milk protein, horn, eye lens and hair. This article comes up with a brief explanation of different …
The way we look at some things is easily understandable. By the way, we are already familiar with the term, Aquaporins which we get in their name “aqua means water, porins indicates the pores in the membrane. So we can come to know that it conducts water”. But there are many functions that we need …
Whatever we bring out, our elders have a chain of events that narrates the consequence we may face for doing some actions. Everyone should have experienced it once in a lifetime. This kind of superstition has persisted for a long run. But we have to think about why our ancestors used these types of meaningless …
