How do anaerobes survive without oxygen?

The first formed organism: About 4.6 billion years ago, the occurrence of the primordial atmosphere happened soon after the gases exploded from the giant volcanoes of our planet. This atmosphere mainly contains methane, carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide. The evolution of nature begins when the earth’s surface gets cooled, so solidification occurs, provoking water formation. …

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Blood coagulation: formation and maintenance

First of all, we all need to know what hemostasis is. It has primary and secondary hemostasis. Primary hemostasis is forming a platelet plug, and secondary hemostasis is coagulation and resulting in activation of fibrin. Clotting factors are proteins present in the blood which control bleeding. When a blood vessel gets injured, the walls of …

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Scientists measured Zeptoseconds- The shortest time period ever

German scientists are known for their innovations and latest discoveries. One more breakthrough in which they announced that they measured the shortest period ever- a Zeptosecond. Nuclear Physicists from Goethe University at the DESY accelerator facility, which is located in Hamburg, have executed and measured a process that reveals the discovery of zeptoseconds for the …

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ATP as a primary energy carrier

Phosphorylation is a critical process for activating various enzymes, post-translational modification in protein, cell signalling and metabolism. We all know phosphorylation is the addition of a phosphate (PO4) group to a substance (protein, enzyme, Glucose and nucleotides) catalyzed by kinase enzymes. It is used for several crucial functions in the body—the process, as mentioned earlier, …

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Protocols followed before and after Covid-19 vaccination and related FAQs

This unexpected pandemic brings everyone face a considerable problem. All of many sudden demises and a substantial economic crisis happened. For this, we have to prevent ourselves from the deadly world-ruling coronavirus. Please get rid of it; we should take the vaccines. Every approved vaccine should have its safety and efficacy. So, do not hesitate …

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Treatment for Coronavirus: 2-DG Anti-covid drug

Currently, the Drugs Controller General of India (DCGI) acquiesced DRDO’s 2-DG drug for treating Covid19, which collaborated with Dr Reddy’s laboratory. However, from the side of DRDO and Dr Reddy’s lab, they still do not release any research article for this drug’s potential. This information is only collected from the News and online sources. Then …

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